The age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about harmful actions committed against themselves or others has been the focus of recent research into the moral development of children. Until recently, child psychologists supported pioneer developmentalist Jean Piaget in his hypothesis that because of their immaturity, children under age seven do not take into account the intentions of a person committing accidental or deliberate harm, but rather simply assign punishment for transgressions on the basis of the magnitude of the negative consequences caused. According to Piaget, children under age seven occupy the first stage of moral development, which is characterized by moral absolutism (rules made by authorities must be obeyed) and imminent justice (if rules are broken, punishment will be meted out). Until young children mature, their moral judgments are based entirely on the effect rather than the cause of a transgression. However, in recent research, Keasey found that six-year-old children not only distinguish between accidental and intentional harm, but also judge intentional harm as naughtier, regardless of the amount of damage produced. Both of these findings seem to indicate that children, at an earlier age than Piaget claimed, advance into the second stage of moral development, moral autonomy, in which they accept social rules but view them as more arbitrary than do children in the first stage. Keasey’s research raises two key questions for developmental psychologists about children under age seven: do they recognize justifications for harmful actions, and do they make distinctions between harmful acts that are preventable and those acts that have unforeseen harmful consequences? Studies indicate that justifications excusing harmful actions might include?public?duty, self-defense, and provocation. For example, Nesdale and Rule concluded that children were capable of considering whether or not an aggressor’s action was justified by public duty: five year olds reacted very differently to “Bonnie wrecks Arm’s pretend house” depending on whether Bonnie did it “so somebody won’t fall over it” or because Bonnie wanted “to make Ann feel bad”. Thus, a child of five begins to understand that certain harmful actions, though intentional, can be justified; the constraints of moral absolutism no longer solely guide their judgments. Psychologists have determined that during kindergarten children learn to make subtle distinctions involving harm. Darley observed that among-acts involving unintentional harm, six-year-old children just entering kindergarten could not differentiate between foreseeable, and thus preventable, harm and unforeseeable harm for which the perpetrator cannot be blamed. Seven months later, however, Darley found that these same children could make both distinctions, thus demonstrating that they had become morally autonomous. According to the passage, Piaget and Keasey would not have agreed on which of the following points?
AThe kinds of excuses children give for harmful acts they commit
BThe age at which children begin to discriminate between intentional and unintentional harm
CThe intentions children have in perpetrating harm
DThe circumstances under which children punish harmful acts
相似试题
-
单选题
At which level do you assign the print program to the correspondence type?
-
单选题
Children enter school at the age of six,___?
-
单选题
Underway at night you see the red sidelight of a vessel well off your port bow. Which statement is TRUE?A. You are required to alter course to the rightB. You must stop enginesC. You are on a collision course witli the other vesselD. You may maintain course and speed
-
单选题
ddsmakers have predicted that Dr.Goodenough would win the Nobel Prize,but so far the call from Stockholm has not come.You might call him the Susan Lucci of chemistry.If he finally does prevail,he could be the oldest person ever to receive the Nobel.The more I talked to Dr.Goodenough,the more I wondered if his brilliance was directly tied to his age.After all,he has been thinking about energy problems longer than just about anyone else on the planet.When I asked him about his late-life success,h
-
单选题
You can stop the starting sequence at any time.
热门题库
- Q起重机械作业
- 理财规划师
- 物业管理师
- 公共营养师
- 中级安全工程师
- 养老护理员
- 动物检疫检验员
- 餐厅服务员
- 中级会计职称
- 煤矿主要负责人
- 二级注册建筑师
- 演出经纪人
- 审计师
- 证券分析师
- 报检员
- 茶艺师
- 教师资格
- 岩土工程师
- 咨询工程师
- (高级)经济师
- T电梯作业
- 高校教师资格证
- 健康管理师
- 焊工作业
- 安全员
- 理工类
- 二级造价工程师
- 企业人力资源管理师
- 注册测绘师
- 砌筑工
- 钢筋工
- 煤矿安全管理人员
- 主治类
- 卫生类
- 注册结构工程师
- 钳工
- 投资银行业务-保荐代表人
- 安全员(三类人员)
- 营养师
- 装饰美工
- 一级造价工程师
- 主要负责人
- 医师类
- 会计从业
- 法律职业资格(原司法考试)
- 消防工程师
- 房地产经纪协理
- 园艺工
- 注册会计师
- 健康管理师
- 成考(专升本)
- 电工
- N厂内专用机动车辆作业
- 驾考科一、科四
- 房地产经纪人
- 物流服务师
- 国家公务员
- 煤矿特种作业人员
- 注册电气工程师
- 省公务员-行测
- 研究生入学
- Y大型游乐设施
- BIM工程师
- 消防设施操作员
- 施工员
- 卫生招聘考试
- 焊工
- 期货从业资格
- 劳务员
- 基金从业资格
- 烟花爆竹安全作业
- P气瓶作业
- A特种设备安全管理
- 同等学力申硕
- 军队文职人员招聘
- 医药商品购销员
- 汽车发动机
- 工业机器人操作员
- 陕西省-社区专职工作人员招聘
- 社会工作者
- 电子商务师
- 眼镜验光员
- 设备监理师
- F安全阀校验
- 农业技术员
- 税务师
- 建筑特殊工种
- 电工作业
- 汽车修理工
- 导游资格证
- (初级)经济师
- 石油天然气安全作业
- 初级管理会计师
- 执业药师
- 三支一扶
- 资产评估师
- 工程测量员
- 报关员
- 银行招聘考试
- 制油工
- R压力容器作业
- 高处作业
- 冶金(有色)生产安全作业
- 土地登记代理人
- 公用设备工程师
- 资料员
- 农产品食品检验员
- 注册城乡规划师
- 税务考试题库
- 自考(医学)
- G锅炉作业
- 机械员
- 煤矿类从业人员
- 心理咨询师
- 成考(高起点)
- 金属非金属矿山安全作业
- 特种设备焊接作业
- 汽车驾驶员
- 中式面点师
- 统计师
- 中药学类
- 形象设计师
- 育婴员
- 网络与信息安全管理员
- 仓库管理员
- 软件水平考试
- 综合类
- 招标师
- 新安全生产法
- 架子工
- 美容师
- 缝纫工
- 保育员
- 一级建造师
- 事业单位公开招聘
- 国家电网招聘
- 家政服务员
- 教师招聘
- 注册消防工程师
- 护理类
- 监理工程师
- 二级建造师
- 煤矿班组长
- 危险化学品安全作业
- 药学类
- 标准员
- 轨道交通信号工
- 安全工程师
- 检验类
- 制冷与空调作业
- 初级会计职称
- 美发师
- (中级)银行从业资格
- D压力管道作业
- 道路运输
- 车工
- 公安政法干警
- 注册环保工程师
- 网络安全管理员
- 中式烹调师
- 质量工程师
- 证劵从业(新版)
- (中级)经济师
- 一级注册建筑师
- 安全管理人员
- 证劵从业(旧版)
- 无人机驾驶员
- 铣床
- 环境影响评价工程师
- 西式面点师
- 保卫管理员
- 投资项目管理师
- 工业机器人运维员
- 计算机及外部设备装配调试员
- 家畜饲养员
- 职业道德
- 材料员
- 植物检疫检验员
- 证券投资顾问
- 高级会计
- 会计从业资格考试
- 土木工程师(水利水电)
- 监管人员执法
- 制冷工
- 试验检测师(含助理)
- 质量员
- 园林绿化工
- 房地产估价师
- (初级)银行从业资格